Science and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Science and Ethics - Essay Example What are the pros and cons of genetic testing and gene therapy Are there dangers in genetic research that we should be aware of Will the human genome project ultimately benefit us How or why not Should we be allowed to alter the gene pool of populations What ethical issues are involved and where do you stand on these issues. How would you answer people who say, "I reject the possibility of evolution because evolution is only a theory; it's not a proven scientific fact" Why have disease organisms evolved Why do human diseases continue to exist Shouldn't they be eliminated by now according to Darwin's survival of the fittest What is the "population explosion" Does the United States or your home country need to be concerned about the impact of overpopulation Can we diminish population growth and its impact How Should we use these technologies to control the birth rate What are the cultural and ethical issues related to population control methods Every society has its moral codes and values. These moral codes are called ethics. They help society to differentiate between right and wrong. These moral rules should be implemented in every walk of life. They can not be ignored in certain special cases. It is quite important to consider ethical values, rights and wrongs in the field of Science as well. There should be certain limitations for conducting scientific experiments and testing. ... ed to be concerned about the impact of overpopulation Can we diminish population growth and its impact How Should we use these technologies to control the birth rate What are the cultural and ethical issues related to population control methods Assignment 7 Discussion: Issues of Sociobiology Why should humans be interested in the social behavior of animals Are animal studies relevant at all to the study of human behaviors Please elaborate on your position on this topic Assignment 1 Discussion of Biology: Science and Ethics Every society has its moral codes and values. These moral codes are called ethics. They help society to differentiate between right and wrong. These moral rules should be implemented in every walk of life. They can not be ignored in certain special cases. It is quite important to consider ethical values, rights and wrongs in the field of Science as well. There should be certain limitations for conducting scientific experiments and testing. There is a continuous debate going on in the modern societies about the limitations of scientific experimentation and testing. But everybody agrees that ethical values can not be ignored in science. As far as classification of moral codes is concerned they can be classified into two major categories according to consequences considerations. These two categories are Deontological ethics and Utilitarian ethics. In first category the validity of any action are judged according to religious teachings and rights and entitlements of various entities without considering the consequences. Whereas in second category validity is judged according to implications and consequences of any action. Scientists have to make certain ethical decision for experimentation and testing. Most of the decisions are made according

Writer's choice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Writer's choice - Term Paper Example With the implementation of effective security mechanism we can gain a great deal of confidence and peace of mind while using these systems at home or marketplace (Shelly, Cashman and Vermaat; Turban, Leidner and McLean). This paper presents some of the security, privacy and ethical aspects regarding information technology and computer systems. There are many issues and threats which are hindering the successful operation and working on information and computer system arrangements. In this scenario, one of the initial risks is security issues from less effectively recruited staff personnel. For instance, any staff member with some illegal aims and objectives can set a virus in the database or hack the overall corporate information. Additionally, this is one of the major ethical dilemmas in information and computer systems (UN; Farshchi, Gharib and Ziyaee). In addition, differences in operating systems, versions and patches can also create various problems and issues regarding defense and protection of information and computer systems. In the absence of such protection strategy the overall information and data can be hacked or deleted. In worst case the business information can be accessed by corporate competitors. Additionally, absence of antivirus software for information and computer systems can also cause a huge problem for personal or business data and information. In case of such situation any virus can simply attack and destroy or stop the overall working of systems. In addition, one of the main issues is about the absence of internal firewalls. In this scenario, any user of systems and web services are open to virus attacks, malware, or Trojan attacks. In such situation overall information and computer systems can be hacked or influenced in case of effective handling and management of operations (UN; Farshchi, Gharib and Ziyaee ). This section discusses how some of the major and critical security, privacy and ethical issues happen.

Risk Methodology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Methodology - Coursework Example Intended audiences include large state organizations concerned with important national issues such as food, security or the environment. The paper will seek to discuss the Operation Risk Management (ORM) methodology. Operation Risk Management (ORM) methodology can be defined as an engineered-based risk management system that is used to examine risks and safety of existing systems1. This system is commonly used by the military and federal aviation administration aspects of the government. It can also be used by other sectors like food administration and environmental protection. For example, the Food and Drug Administration department can use this methodology to develop security protocols and risk assessment procedures for food supply. This risk assessment tool is designed to mainly help in the identification of operational hazards and benefits. When such risks are determined, the best course of action can be formulated and implemented to combat unforeseen events. Risks normally arise from failed or inadequate processes, systems, people or external factors. For example, food supply can be provided to the wrong population as a result of an erroneous report generated by the food system. ORM uses a well defined procedure to address risk issues and design risk preventive measures. The steps used by this methodology in order are: risk identification, assessment, analysis, making of decisions, implementation and supervision or review2. To begin with, identification of risks is the first step in ORM that involves examination of each activity constituted in a process. According to this methodology, a risk is any circumstance that can result to illness, property damage, injury or degradation. For example, preparation of juice could be a process in making dessert for clients. Some of the hazards that can be associated with this

Los Vendidos by Luis Valdez Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Los Vendidos by Luis Valdez - Research Paper Example Though the mood of the play is light hearted or comic, it discusses grave issues that crave great social attention. The play brings to our notice the issues like social injustice, racism and the class segregation where the Americans always expected the Mexicans to rise up to their expectation. This attitude of the Americans is quite evident in the words of the secretary in the play where she demands the kind of robot that walks and behaves in the American fashion. A critical estimate of the play makes one join with the Canadian writer, Ryan McFadden when he rightly observed thus, â€Å"Los Vendidos is a play centred on drawing great attention to the misconstrued stereotypes of Chicanos while covertly ridiculing Americans which in turn successfully brings about conversation and critical thinking of these stereotypes and inspires viewers the opportunity to change their preconceived notions of Chicanos† (McFadden para.1). Therefore, the proposed critical study aims to establish a foresaid statement, that is, the play is a criticism, presented in a satirical way, against the existing social injustice touching the Mexican Americans from the Native Americans. The setting of this one-act play is located at Honest Sancho's Used Mexican Lot and Mexican Curio Shop, a shop located in California that sells various kinds of ‘robots’, stereotypes of Mexicans and Mexican Americans.... The very presentation of the salesman-cum owner, Honest Sancho and the customer, Miss Jimenez, who introduces herself as secretary for Governor Reagan, itself provides enough materials for the audience about the Mexican and Mexican American clash. Jimenez’s reprimand to Sancho’s mispronunciation of her name in ‘bad English’, when he actually used Spanish accent, provides ample evidence for this disagreement. The attitude of the Mexican American to the Mexican is crystal clear at her ignorance to the cultural stereotypes exhibited in that showroom, though belongs to the Chicana or the Mexican American and was actually looking for a ‘Mexican’ type. The satirical note in the play is very notable that the dramatist does not spare even a single chance to criticise dominating mentality of the Americans. Elements of the comedy of manners in Los Vendidos can be especially identified when considering Valdez’s satirizing of his Chicano stock chara cters (Stereotyped, flat characters or caricatures) that fail to conform the conventions of the U.S. society (Vogelmann p.7). The reluctance of the Mexican Americans to mingle with the Mexicans has been shaded in the words of the Secretary when she disagrees with the prospect buying the first two robots. She rejects the first robot which is in the form of the farm worker, just because of the reason that he does not know English, which has an elite part of American culture which the Mexicans lacked. In order to proposes these issues, the dramatist resorts to realistic comedy which really enhances the quality of the presentation, especially the conversation between Sancho and the secretary. According to Vogelmann, â€Å"The most important elements of realistic comedy in Luis Valdez’s acto Los Vendidos are,

Toxic Recycling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Toxic Recycling - Essay Example As new electronic products are introduced into the market older products are discarded by consumers resulting in increased electronic waste each year. With this increase in waste each year the recycling industry is expected to grow and the article highlights this growth by stating that in 2004 the recycling firms made over 10 million and employed over 1,000 inmates. Recycling, however, should be undertaken under proper conditions to avoid the release of heavy metals as dust into the environment, the article highlights that the recycling process undertaken by UNICOR using inmates as labour is undertaken under unhealthy conditions, inmates do not use equipment that is in line with OSHA standards, also they eat lunch in areas contaminated with heavy metals. The recycling firms, therefore, do not take into consideration the health of inmates and prison officers. With the recycling industry growing fast laws and regulations should be put in place in order to protect the environment and individuals who work in these recycling firms, the environmental agencies and occupational safety and health administration should inspect the recycling firms regularly to ensure that they follow set standards and those that violate these standards should pay heavy fines. The article from warfare to welfare by William Hartung and Jennifer Washburn discusses Lockheed Martin a company that is the largest weapon manufacturer, according to the article the company strategy by 2000 is to privatize social welfare by forming divisions in the company that will undertake welfare programs in the US, these programs include the distribution of food stamps and cash assistance. It is evident that in the year 2000 the company’s stock prices were declining and the company was in a financial crisis given that it had requested the Pentagon to offer an $855 million loan to pay for mergers.

Rabindranath Tagore Essay Example for Free

Rabindranath Tagore Essay Rabindranath Tagore] ( 7 May 1861 – 7 August 1941), sobriquet Gurudev,was a Bengali polymath who reshaped his regions literature and music. Author of Gitanjali and its profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, he became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913. In translation his poetry was viewed as spiritual and mercurial; his seemingly mesmeric personality, flowing hair, and other-worldly dress earned him a prophet-like reputation in the West. His elegant prose and magical poetry remain largely unknown outside Bengal. Tagore introduced new prose and verse forms and the use of colloquial language into Bengali literature, thereby freeing it from traditional models based on classical Sanskrit. He was highly influential in introducing the best of Indian culture to the West and vice versa, and he is generally regarded as the outstanding creative artist of modern India.[5] A Pirali Brahmin from Calcutta, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old.[10] At age sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym BhÄ nusiá ¹Æ'ha (Sun Lion), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics. He graduated to his first short stories and dramas—and the aegis of his birth name—by 1877. As a humanist, universalist internationalist, and strident anti-nationalist he denounced the Raj and advocated independence from Britain. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs; his legacy endures also in the institution he founded, Visva-Bharati University. Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), and Ghare-Baire (The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed—or panned—for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: the Republic of Indias Jana Gana Mana and Bangladeshs Amar Shonar Bangla. The composer of Sri Lankas national anthem: Sri Lanka  Matha was a student of Tagore, and the song is inspired by Tagores style.

The Costco Wholesale Corporation Marketing Essay

The Costco Wholesale Corporation Marketing Essay Costco Wholesale Corporation is the largest membership warehouse club chain in the United States with an aim to offer low prices on the selective and specialty brands in the wide range of products. Costco opened its first warehouse in 1983 and since has grown to become the fifth-largest retailer in the United States and seventh-largest retailer in the world. Currently headquartered in Issaquah, Washington, Costco has 614 warehouses with 67.4 million members and 160, 292 employees worldwide. Costco began its journey in Seattle, Washington with its business model similar to that of Price Club. Price Club was founded in 1975 by Robert Price and has been considered the pioneer of the warehouse stores. Its membership was only available to business customers and certain groups such as employees of local businesses, nonprofits, or government. Shoppers paid a membership fee to the company to buy bulk products at discounted prices in a no-frills warehouse setting. Costco was founded on the ba sis of the same concept; however, it started to expand customers to non-business members as well to raise their profit. In less than six years, Costco became the first company ever to grow from zero to $3 billion in sales. By the early 90s, it had outperformed its rival club, Price Club. However, Sams Club became successful in surpassing them both. Face with threats of a takeover by Sams Club, Costco and Price Club entered into a partial merger in 1993, creating the nations largest warehouse chain. The newly formed company, named PriceCostco, focused heavily on international expansion. However, the company soon faced a breakup due to disagreements between the two leaders, Jim Sinegal and Robert Price, regarding company direction. Sinegal continued to manage PriceCostco while Prices breakaway company was named as Price Enterprises. In 1997, the company changed its name to Costco Wholesale and all its Price Club locations were rebranded as Costco. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses No-frills approach Low product and services Tenured management Satisfied employees Membership Loyalty High inventory turnover compared to its competitors Incredible return policy Great membership benefits Private label Not enough warehouses Weak advertising No self-checkout Store hours Contributing to higher carbon footprint and pollution due to bulk-packaged products Opportunities Threats Future expansion Private label growth Costco.com Economic downturn Strong competition Diversification in terms of geography Political, cultural and ethical issues with international expansion Strengths Costcos no-frills approach has helped the leader keep its overhead costs low and in turn offer great prices to its customers. Costco does not let fancy buildings, salespeople, and big advertising budgets get in the way of providing great values. It has been successful at keeping overhead costs low by eliminating costs historically associated with wholesalers and retailers, such as delivery, billing, and account receivable. Costco buys its merchandise directly from the manufacturers and route it either to a cross-docking consolidation point or directly to their individual warehouses. Their depots receive container-based shipments from manufacturers and reallocate these goods for shipment to their individual warehouses in less than twenty-four hours. This allows Costco to eliminate many of the costs associated with traditional multi-step distribution channels by maximizing freight volume and handling efficiencies. Traditional steps generally include purchasing from distributors as oppo sed to manufacturers, use of central receiving, storing, and distributing warehouses, and storage of goods off the sales floor. Costco passes the savings generated from elimination of these traditional costs to the consumers by not marking up its merchandise more than 15%. In comparison, a supermarket may mark up its merchandise by 25% while a markup by department store may be up to 50%. Costcos strategy to offer limited selection of nationally branded products in a wide range of merchandise categories has helped the business generate high sales volume and quick inventory turnover. It carries fewer than 4000 items as compared to 40,000 items at a supermarket and 100,000 items at Walmart. For example, Costco may only carry one size of Aspirin bottle containing 350 pills, whereas a Walmart may carry two or more different sizes of Aspirin bottle. Narrowing the number of options increases the sales volume of each, allowing Costco to squeeze deeper and deeper bulk discounts from suppliers. Because of high sales volume and quick inventory turnover, Costco sells it inventory before it is required to pay many of its merchandise vendors. It can use cash received from selling its inventory to pay it vendors and thus avoiding financing and payment plans. Costcos additional strength lies in its strong managerial ground. Costco believes in a homegrown approach to management by promoting from within the company. The majority of its current home and regional office team members are home grown, which means that they started in their warehouses, depots, and business centers, learned the business and moved up within the company. One great example is its current CEO, Craig Jelinek. He started his career with Costco almost 28 years ago by managing a single warehouse; however, he is now responsible for managing almost over 600 warehouses. In addition, Costco ensures its employees satisfaction by providing them with generous wages and benefits. While this practice may be more expensive for Costco, they have an off-setting cost containment effect. Its turnover rate is unusually low at 17% overall and just 6% after one years employment. In contrast, Walmarts turnover rate is 44% per year, which is close to the industry average. Due to its low tur nover rate Costco saves money spent on recruiting, hiring, and training. It takes cares of its employee, which in turn take care of its members. Smiling employees help make Costco the best shopping experience. In addition to low prices and great service, Costco has a very generous and hassle-free return policy. It offers a 100% satisfaction guarantee on all of its products including food, furniture, jewelry, and electronics. If a member is not 100% satisfied with the purchase, they may return it at any time for a full refund; there are no time limits with the exception of electronics. Electronics, such as televisions, projectors, camcorders, touchscreen tablets, MP3 players, and cell phones, must be returned within 90 days of purchase. However, Costco offers a two-year manufacturers warranty on its electronics free of charge. Perhaps, its the low prices and great shopping experience that Costco has been able to retain its members successfully. In the United States and Canada, it has been able to keep 90% of members, while it retains 86% of members worldwide. This number is even higher for business members at 93.7%. In addition, other great membership benefits offered by Costco contribute t o its success in retaining members. It has formed strategic relationships with outside parties to ensure that its members can be provided great warehouse prices for additional products and services that range from health and auto insurance to five star vacations. Costco has also been very successful with its private label offering, Kirkland Signature. It is now considered a strong private label offering as it competes with many national brands in an ever-expanding range of categories. After 19 years since its launch, the private label products now represent only 15% of the items carried by Costco but generate 20% of its sales dollars. The goal of the company with Kirkland Signature products is to provide equal or better quality at discounted products. It believes that it has the capacity to increase the sales penetration of its Kirkland Signature products to 30% over the next several years, while continuing to provide its members with quality brand name products that will always be part of its product selection. Weaknesses Although strengths exceed Costcos weaknesses, it still needs to address them for the betterment of the companys future. Its warehouse locations are mainly concentrated in urban areas with higher population densities versus their competition Sams club who chooses to place their clubs in the suburbs. It may be very time consuming for someone to shop at Costco who does not live nearby its coverage areas. In addition, long lines at the checkout are the subject of many complaints made by Costco customers. In comparison with BJs, Costco does not have self-checkout lanes while BJs has well managed self-checkout lanes. Their store hours are also a big setback for busy members. Many of the other membership clubs open early for the convenience of business members and stay open late to accommodate busy families. Another weakness of Costcos strategy is that they spend very less on advertising. They generally rely on reputation and word of mouth advertising. However, one of Costcos biggest competitor, Sams Club, spends about 50 million dollars on advertising and direct mail promotions. If Costcos competitors are able to take away its market share due to lack of promotional activities, it may adversely affect Costcos future performance. Since many of Costcos members may purchase too much stuff unnecessarily due to its bulk packaging, the practice may lead to higher carbon footprint and pollution. Costco offers bulk-packaged products to target large families and business owners. However, many of its members are not large families or business owners; they choose to stop at Costco because they like the products and prices. As a result, they end up purchasing more than their needs and create unnecessary waste. It may be seen as a negative because it is against current mainstream green marketing. Opportunities Of the 614 Costco warehouses worldwide, nearly three quarters are located in the United States. Costco can find opportunities to increase international expansion that will help fuel decades of future growth. Recently, India and China have become the choice of retail expansion for big businesses like Walmart. Similarly, Costco can find ways to increase its presence in these markets as well. As more stores open, more opportunities will be created for Costcos private label, Kirkland Signature, products to compete against big brands. Growth of its private label can also be fueled by looking into introducing more margin enhancing products. Growing trend of internet shopping can also open up many opportunities for Costco. Costcos current website, Costco.com, is currently members only. To target members that may not have the privilege to shop at Costco warehouses, it can offer online only membership. This approach can help Costco rapidly expand its market saturation. Additionally, it can lead to improved margins while simultaneously improving revenue growth. Costco can also take advantage of the current economic downturn by finding more high quality products at affordable prices from various vendors that may not have been available before.